Huizhou, located in the southern part of Anhui Province, is a cradle of Huizhou culture, known for its rich intangible cultural heritage and distinctive local specialties. This region is characterized by its unique craftsmanship, traditional arts, and cultural practices that have been passed down through generations. From the meticulous art of lacquerware to the ancient practice of abacus calculation, Huizhou’s specialties showcase the ingenuity and creativity of its people. This article explores some of the most notable local specialties that define the cultural allure of Huizhou.
1. Abacus (珠算)
The abacus is a quintessential element of Chinese culture, and Huizhou is proud to be the birthplace of the renowned abacus master Cheng Dawei. Located in the Tunxi District, the Cheng Dawei Abacus Museum is the first state-run abacus museum in China. This museum houses an extensive collection of historical abacuses and provides insight into the principles of calculation and the evolution of this ancient tool. The abacus has been celebrated for its mathematical significance, and Cheng Dawei’s masterpiece, “The Grand Compendium of Calculation,” is a cornerstone of Chinese mathematical literature, further solidifying Huizhou’s status as a hub for this traditional craft.
2. Huizhou Lacquerware (徽州漆器霖饰技艺)
Huizhou lacquerware, also known as “Bolu lacquerware,” is a traditional craft that has evolved over centuries. Made primarily from natural lacquer combined with various pigments and materials such as gold foil and jade dust, Huizhou lacquerware is characterized by its rich colors and glossy finish. The main colors used are deep black and bright red, which create a striking contrast. This beautiful craft is not only used for decorative furniture and containers but also for artistic pieces, musical instruments, and funeral items, reflecting its versatility and cultural significance.
3. Qimen Nuo Dance (祁门傩舞)
The Qimen Nuo Dance, also known as the Ghost Dance, is an ancient ritual performed during the winter solstice to drive away evil spirits and epidemics. This traditional dance takes place in Qimen County every year from June 12 to 14, coinciding with the Sun God Festival, where locals celebrate the “Eight Spirit Kings.” Participants dress in elaborate costumes and perform while singing, creating a vibrant and lively atmosphere. The Qimen Nuo Dance is a testament to Huizhou’s rich cultural heritage and spiritual beliefs, drawing visitors who wish to experience this captivating tradition firsthand.
4. Huizhou Bonsai Art (徽派盆景技艺)
Huizhou Bonsai is a distinguished form of bonsai art that represents the excellence of Chinese craftsmanship. Centered in the picturesque fishing village of Maihuayu, the local bonsai artisans create stunning miniature landscapes that reflect the beauty of nature. The Huizhou Bonsai style is noted for its ancient, unique, and robust characteristics, encompassing tree bonsais, rock bonsais, and water-and-mountain bonsais. The intricate techniques and artistic expression involved in Huizhou Bonsai place it among the important artistic forms in Chinese bonsai history, showcasing the region’s connection to nature and the skill of its artisans.
5. Huizhou Ink (徽墨制作技艺)
Huizhou ink is considered one of the finest types of ink produced in China, often referred to as one of the “Four Treasures of Study” (文房四宝). Known for its rich black color and glossy finish, Huizhou ink is created using high-quality materials, making it favored by calligraphers and artists. The Hu Kaizhi Ink Factory, located in Jixi and Tunxi, is one of the most renowned producers of Huizhou ink. The ink’s characteristics include long-lasting color, resistance to fading, and a pleasant fragrance, making it a prized possession among scholars and collectors alike.
6. She Inkstone (歙砚制作技艺)
She Inkstone is one of the four famous inkstones in China, made from a unique type of stone known as She stone or She inkstone stone. This type of inkstone is celebrated for its durability, smoothness, and ability to produce an excellent ink flow. The craftsmanship involved in creating She Inkstones is meticulous, as artisans ensure that each piece possesses the “Eight Virtues” — strength, smoothness, softness, cleanliness, beauty, and more. Visitors can explore the “Three Hundred Inkstone Studio” in Tunxi Old Street, where they can purchase these exquisite inkstones or learn about their historical significance.
7. Huizhou Opera (徽剧)
Huizhou Opera, a regional form of Chinese opera, flourishes in Huangshan City, the Huizhou District of Anhui Province, and parts of Jiangxi Province. It has evolved from local theatrical traditions, including Huizhou Opera and Qingyang Tune. Over the years, Huizhou Opera has blended with other forms, such as Hubei Han Opera, to gradually contribute to the development of Beijing Opera. Huizhou Opera is known for its melodious tunes, vivid performances, and elaborate costumes, making it a significant cultural symbol of the region.