Chengkan (呈坎), originally known as “Longxi (龙溪),” has a rich history spanning over 1,700 years, dating back to the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. The village is strategically located based on the Bagua (Eight Trigrams) theory from the “I Ching,” which emphasizes the unity of yin (坎) and yang (呈), representing the harmony between nature and humanity. During the Song Dynasty, the renowned philosopher Zhu Xi praised Chengkan as “the Village of Dual Virtue in Chengkan, the First Village in Jiangnan.”
Chengkan flourished during the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, with the family genealogy of the Luo clan documenting over 110 officials serving in the court. As Huizhou merchants rose to prominence, the Luo family established a widespread trading network across southern and northern China. Many of these officials and merchants returned to their hometown, building houses, constructing ancestral halls, and creating community centers. This period of prosperity transformed Chengkan into a unique cultural village, characterized by Huizhou culture.
The village is home to more than 130 ancient buildings from the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, earning it the title of “the Village with the Most National Treasures in China.” Chengkan is particularly celebrated for its connection to Zhu Xi, who elevated the village’s status through his teachings. His famous couplet, “The Village of Dual Virtue in Chengkan, the First Village in Jiangnan,” remains a key reference in discussions about the village today.
Travel Information about Chengkan Ancient Village
Ticket Information and Opening Hours
Ticket Price: 107 CNY
Opening Hours: 7:30 AM to 5:30 PM
Access to the Scenic Area
Location: Chengkan Village, Chengkan Town, Huizhou District, Huangshan City.
- From Huangshan North Station: Chengkan is about 15 km (20 minutes) away by car.
- From Huangshan Scenic Area South Gate: It takes approximately 50 km or 1 hour to reach Chengkan.
- From Hongcun or Xidi: The journey takes about 70 km, or 1.5 hours.
If you plan to visit from the Huangshan area or Hongcun, it’s highly recommended to hire a private car or drive yourself. While hailing a cab from Huangshan city to Chengkan is relatively easy, it can be much harder to find a taxi when you’re ready to return to the city. It’s best to arrange your transportation ahead of time. If you prefer public transportation, bus options include lines 1, 16, and 17, but these have long intervals between departures, so they are not the most reliable option.
Attraction Ratings
- Cultural Value: ★★★
- Unique Features: ★★★★
- Leisure: ★★★
- Scenic Beauty: ★★★★
- Romance: ★★
- Excitement: ★★
Highlights of Chengkan Ancient Village
Baolun Pavilion
Baolun Pavilion, located in the village, was originally built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It was initially named the “Zhenjing Shrine of Mr. Luo Dongshu” and serves as the ancestral hall’s rear section dedicated to the local Luo family, particularly commemorating their 13th ancestor, the recluse Luo Dongshu. This building is recognized as one of the most complete examples of Ming Dynasty temple architecture and colorful paintings in Anhui Province.
The pavilion was established by Luo Yinghe, who held significant positions such as the Inspector General and the Vice Minister of the Ministry of Justice during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. He enjoyed the favor of Emperor Shen Zong. The name “Baolun Pavilion” comes from Luo Yinghe’s intention to create a space to store valuable historical documents and literary works. Over time, the entire ancestral hall became commonly known as “Baolun Pavilion.”
Covering an area of approximately 3,334 square meters, the pavilion is divided into three main sections: front, middle, and rear. Its five-tiered gable rises majestically, creating a striking and grand architectural presence. Baolun Pavilion represents the most refined aspect of the ancestral hall, featuring exquisite stone carvings and woodwork. The painted patterns on the beams are beautifully designed and vividly colored, showing no signs of fading even after centuries.
Architectural Features of Baolun Pavilion:
Baolun Pavilion was constructed following the design of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in Beijing, featuring two stories with nine bays. At the time, this was considered quite audacious since the number nine held the significance of “imperial status” (the “Nine-Five” dignity). To avoid drawing attention, the Luo family cleverly partitioned the space with wooden doors, dividing it into three sections.
The pavilion showcases remarkable craftsmanship, with dragon motifs symbolizing auspiciousness replaced by the more humble depiction of a fish spitting flowers. The design of the beams and supporting columns is distinctive and reflects the architectural style of the region. The wood and stone decorations are intricately carved, with the painted designs on the sleeping hall’s beams being a rare example of traditional folk art in China.
Additionally, stone railings are adorned with images of birds and beasts, while the eaves and golden columns feature intricately carved brackets that resemble clouds and floral waves. The eaves are embellished with relief floral bands, and the beams are richly painted with vibrant colors and patterns that embody a harmonious blend of solemnity and elegance.
At the front of the pavilion, a plaque inscribed with “宝纶阁 Baolun Pavilion” hangs prominently, written by Wu Shihong, a native of She County during the Ming Dynasty. In recent years, the pavilion has undergone restoration, further enhancing its historical significance. The architectural style of Baolun Pavilion is highly regarded in the field of ancient architecture, attracting scholars and enthusiasts from both domestic and international circles for study and appreciation.
Changchun Society
Changchun Society is an ancient communal shrine, serving as a place of worship for the Luo family of Chengkan Village and nearby clans such as the Wu and Hu. This venue is dedicated to the worship of land and grain deities, where villagers perform spring rituals to pray for favorable weather and autumn celebrations to express gratitude for the harvest. Unlike ancestral halls, which are typically associated with specific families, the society shrine accommodates various surnames within the community, emphasizing its role as a regional gathering place.
Changchun Society is oriented from west to east, showcasing a grand and solemn architectural style with meticulous craftsmanship. The structure comprises several parts: the entrance hall, the main hall, the sleeping quarters, and the side corridors. This design reflects the ancient people’s deep reverence for their ancestors and the deities they worshipped.
Each year, on the seventh day of the first lunar month, as well as the fourteenth and fifteenth, various worship activities are held at Changchun Society. Villagers from the surrounding areas gather to pay homage to the gods. During these festivities, deities from local temples and Daoist shrines are ceremoniously invited to the altar, often transported in decorated palanquins along with colorful dragons and candles in a procession known as “tai ge.”
Yanyi Hall
Yanyi Hall is an early Ming Dynasty building and the ancestral home of Luo Pin, one of the “Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou.” During the Qing Tongzhi period, the original owner’s family fell into decline and sold the house to the Yanran Wang family, who renamed it “燕翼堂.”
Yanyi Hall is oriented west to east and has a rectangular shape. It consists of two courtyards and three bays, arranged along a central axis that combines two overlapping “siheyuan” layouts. The front courtyard serves as a reception area, while the rear courtyard is the living area.
The main entrance opens to a spacious layout, including a porch, front courtyard, rear courtyard, and side corridors connecting the two. The entire structure is impressive and represents a rare example of a high-rise building in ancient China.
Visitor Guide to Chengkan Ancient Village
The Best Accommodation Options in Chengkan
1. Luxury Option: Shude Tang Hotel (黄山澍德堂酒店)
For those looking to indulge, the Shude Tang Hotel offers a luxurious, resort-style stay. Located on one side of Yongxing Lake, it boasts an unrivaled view of the stunning autumn sunset from the opposite Sun Autumn Plaza. The rooms offer spectacular views that resemble traditional Chinese ink wash paintings, especially when the lotus flowers bloom. The hotel provides top-tier service, with a dedicated concierge team and thoughtful details. As an added bonus, guests receive a complimentary ticket to the scenic area.
Highlights:
- The environment is meticulously designed, with photo-worthy spots throughout the hotel.
- The privacy offered by the hotel allows guests to enjoy a peaceful lakeside experience, away from the crowds.
- A trendy café, “Hua Yin Xi,” serves great coffee and provides a stylish space for guests to relax.
2. Mid-Range Option: Huazhu · Yi De Tang Guesthouse (花筑·黄山懿德堂民宿)
The Huazhu Yi De Tang Guesthouse, housed in a beautifully restored Qing Dynasty building, offers a perfect blend of traditional Anhui architecture and modern comforts. This guesthouse, with rooms overlooking the river, offers a view of the iconic white walls and green-tiled roofs of traditional Huizhou-style houses. On the other side, guests can enjoy the refreshing rural scenery of the surrounding mountains and fields. The guesthouse is close to the famous Huixiu Bridge and local restaurants, making it an excellent choice for convenience.
Highlights:
- The guesthouse features spacious and cozy rooms, perfect for families or couples.
- It is located near the northern parking lot of the village, making it easy to get in and out.
- Local delicacies are served in the guesthouse, with excellent reviews from both guests and locals.
3. Budget Option: Huangshan Huajian · Manbu Xianting Guesthouse (黄山花涧·漫步闲庭民宿)
If you’re seeking a comfortable yet affordable option, the Huangshan Huajian Manbu Xianting Guesthouse is an ideal choice. This newer Huizhou-style boutique guesthouse has a serene, elegant ambiance that immediately makes guests feel at home. The entrance courtyard is beautifully designed, and the common areas include a tea table for guests to enjoy traditional tea ceremonies. The rooms are bright, spacious, and clean, with large windows that allow natural light to fill the space, making it a great option for families with children.
Highlights:
- The service provided by the owner is exceptional, with staff always ready to help solve any problems.
- Guests can enjoy a relaxed atmosphere in the public spaces, even if they decide to spend time within the guesthouse rather than exploring the village.
- The guesthouse’s location is conveniently close to key sights and offers easy access to the main attractions.
Local Delicacies You Must Try
Lingshan Sweet Rice Wine (灵山酒酿): This chilled, sweet rice wine is a local favorite. Its rich flavor is complemented by smooth red beans and chewy rice dumplings, making it a refreshing treat that’s perfect for a hot day. It has even been featured on a popular CCTV food show.
Wang Yitiao Wontons (汪一挑馄饨): These tiny wontons are packed with generous fillings and served in a flavorful bone broth. The addition of crispy oil residue enhances the texture, making it a delicious and unique dish.
Luoshi Fermented Tofu (罗氏毛豆腐): A local specialty, this tofu is slightly fermented, giving it a distinctive taste and texture. It’s definitely a dish you won’t find anywhere else in China.
Ai Ye Guo (艾叶粿): These glutinous rice cakes are wrapped around a savory filling of dried vegetables or mushrooms and steamed to perfection. The chewy texture of the rice combined with the flavorful filling makes for a delightful snack.
Essential Tips for Chengkan Village
Ticketing Tips: Tickets for Chengkan Village can be expensive, but if you’re planning to stay overnight, you can ask your host at a local guesthouse about purchasing tickets directly through them. This often comes at a lower price than buying them at the main ticket counter.
Guides and Tours: As you approach the village entrance, you’ll likely be approached by local residents offering guided tours. If you prefer to explore on your own, it’s perfectly fine to politely decline their services by saying you’ve already arranged for a guide (even if you haven’t). Chengkan Village is a peaceful spot that can be enjoyed on your own, without the need for a guide.
Transportation: The nearest high-speed rail station to Chengkan is Huangshan North Station (黄山北站), which is relatively close but still about 10-15 kilometers away. Unfortunately, there is no regular shuttle service, so you’ll need to either take a taxi or catch a bus. If you’re taking a taxi, it’s advisable to leave before 7:00 PM, as it may be difficult to find one later in the evening. For bus services, the Huizhou 17 (徽17) runs only four times a day. Alternatively, you can take bus 32 and transfer to Huizhou 1, but be prepared for a longer waiting time. If you’re traveling with flexibility and no time constraints, the bus is a good option. However, if possible, driving yourself is the most convenient way to get there.
Exploring the Village: It’s best to enter Chengkan through the South Gate to avoid retracing your steps. Some of the most important ancestral halls and protected buildings are located in the northern part of the village, so plan your route accordingly.
A Peaceful Village Experience: Chengkan is not commercialized, giving it an authentic, unspoiled charm. If you’re staying overnight, it’s advisable to return to your accommodation early in the evening as there’s little activity after dark. On the following morning, wake up early to witness the mystical morning mist over the village—it’s a magical sight.
Luggage Storage: While there are places where you can store your luggage, be aware that these storage areas do not have staff or locks. Essentially, it’s an empty room where you can leave your belongings and simply close the door behind you. It’s a good option if you’re looking to explore the village without the burden of carrying your luggage.
Ticket Validation: Be sure to keep your paper tickets safe, as you’ll need to have them validated multiple times during your visit. The first check is at the main entrance, the second at the Autumn Sun Plaza (晒秋广场), and the third at Luoshi Ancestral Hall (罗氏祠堂). The iconic Bagua Gate (八卦门) and the famous “Traveling Chengkan Without a Hitch” (游呈坎一生无坎) are very close to the entrance, so after getting your tickets validated, you can head straight there.
Transportation Back: When leaving Chengkan, it’s best to prearrange your transportation in advance. Without a designated taxi stand, you’ll find it challenging to hail a cab once you leave the village. Booking ahead ensures a smoother departure.